How can policymakers effectively navigate the tension between protecting national security and respecting individual privacy rights in the age of rapidly advancing technology and surveillance capabilities?

Policymakers can navigate this tension by implementing clear and transparent laws and regulations that balance the needs of national security with individual privacy rights. They can also engage in open dialogue with stakeholders, including technology companies, civil society organizations, and the public, to ensure that policies are informed by a diverse range of perspectives. Additionally, policymakers can establish independent oversight mechanisms to monitor and evaluate the impact of surveillance programs on privacy rights and national security. Finally, policymakers should prioritize the development of robust cybersecurity measures to protect sensitive information and prevent unauthorized access to surveillance data.